(DOWNLOAD) "Stereotype Threat Leads to Reduction in Number of Math Problems Women Attempt (Report)" by North American Journal of Psychology * Book PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Stereotype Threat Leads to Reduction in Number of Math Problems Women Attempt (Report)
- Author : North American Journal of Psychology
- Release Date : January 01, 2011
- Genre: Education,Books,Professional & Technical,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 210 KB
Description
Stereotype threat occurs when members of a negatively stereotyped group are placed in a situation where their performance on the assigned task may confirm the negative group stereotype (Steele & Aronson, 1995). In their seminal article, Steele and Aronson found that African Americans underperformed when told they were taking a test of intellectual ability. Additional studies have revealed negative stereotype threat effects for women in math (Ben-Zeev, Fein, & Inzlicht, 2005; O'Brien & Crandall, 2003; Spencer, Steele, & Quinn, 1999), and Caucasians in athletic performance when being compared to African Americans (Stone, Lynch, Sjomeling, & Darley, 1999). Coping strategies can reduce the effect (for a meta-analysis see Nguyen & Ryan, 2008). The effects of stereotype threat have been shown to vary considerably by coping style. Some individuals use the stereotype as an excuse to reduce effort (Steele & Aronson, 1995). Others may avoid practice and use the lack of practice to justify poor performance (Stone, 2002). Denial also can cause a drop in performance on the designated task (von Hippel et al., 2005). However, some individuals invoke a defensive pessimism coping style when presented with a negative stereotype to increase their performance and thereby discredit the stereotype (Perry & Skitka, 2009). Furthermore, individuals who use humor to cope with a negative stereotype can reduce levels of anxiety while under stereotype threat conditions, resulting in better performance (Ford, Ferguson, Brooks, & Hagadone, 2004).
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